Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Epistemology - Essay Example First and foremost, this paper also deals with how theories are studied so that people may interpret and understand information, and develop them to form their own research studies. This is known as hermeneutics, and phenomenology would refer to how individuals study the philosophies of the world and what exactly it means to them. For this study, it is important to understand that without these theories, human beings would be lost when it comes to how they understand the world. Knowledge has to come from somewhere and this is illustrated in this paper through the mention of various research methodologies and approaches, dispositions and cognitive theories. As the study declares qualitative and quantitative approaches are two main approaches when it comes to research methodology. At this point it is important to first understand both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to understand how research studies are brought about, as well as the epistemology and ontology approaches when it comes to research work. In a qualitative study, the researcher is not so interested in obtaining a set of facts, but rather is more interested in gaining insight into a perspective (Johnson, 1984). The philosophy of the qualitative approach is that knowledge and facts are subjective and that problems cannot be fully understood in isolation. In this light, should problems arise, they should be viewed as part of a complex pattern of links and relationships.

Hairstyles of the Damned Discussion 2 Assignment

Hairstyles of the Damned Discussion 2 - Assignment Example But for what it’s worth, it is noble because Brian really put effort in choosing songs that he thinks Gretchen would like. It speaks about how he really wants to impress her and make her feel that his feelings are true. If Brian was able to make the perfect mixed tape, I think that Gretchen will still not fall for him because Gretchen just does not see Brian as a lover. Gretchen’s type in the book is Tony Degan, and though he’s a jerk and it was not fair of her to put Brian in the â€Å"friendzone†, sometimes, even in life, that’s just how it is. Brian just needs to be content in being her friend because that’s all that she can be for him. The beer scene with Brian and Gretchen’s father is one of the best scenes for me. It’s really emotional and there are a lot of youths today that can relate to what had happened. I think, that moment meant a lot to Brian. He shared a close bond with his father but when his parents divorced, it’s like he was alone and the deep connection he had with his dad all but vanished. Gretchen’s dad made him realize that he is a good person – someone who’s worth something, not just a failure, or a punk kid, or a delinquent, or a nobody. In school and in his home, he was looking for somewhere that he can be accepted and a place here he can fit in. No one had vocally appreciated him and I think that is one of the reasons why his life as so messed-up. If adults were more vocal in what they like about us young people, I think more of us will be able to turn our lives around and become good. Teens as well as anyone crave love, and appreciation – being told that you are good is a nice way to build one’s belief in one’s self and eventually direct the youth to a better

Week 5 -611 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 5 -611 - Essay Example For most of the simple learning outcomes, for example, factual information, adjustment to some form of selection item may not reduce the rationality of the measurement and will cause increase in the ease of scoring and objectivity. For the learning outcomes that are complicated, for example, those of sciences and mathematics, rejecting the short answer may require one to change the learning outcome, therefore decrease the legitimacy of the intended outcomes. Matching items are preferably used to measure factual information that is based on simple associations. When a learning outcome stresses on the capability of identifying the connection between two things and an adequate number of similar responses and premises can be acquired, a matching item will also be preferable. It is an efficient and a compact way of measuring outcomes of simple knowledge. They can also be used with pictorial materials in relating words and pictures or recognize locations on diagrams, charts and maps. Matching items should be avoided when measuring factual information based on learning that is vulnerable to the existence of extraneous clues. It should also be avoided when using homogenous material that is vital from the perspective of learning and objective items. 3. In an area in which you are teaching or plan to teach, construct five short-answer items, five true-false items, and one five-alternative matching exercise. State the objectives being measures by the

Judicial activism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Judicial activism - Essay Example In Roper v. Simmons, a seventeen year old by the name of Simmons confessed that he plotted the murder and burglary of an older woman. This case placed the question before the Courts as to whether or not a person younger than eighteen years old should be punished with the death penalty when convicted of crimes that would typically mandated capital punishment. The seventeen year old was originally sentenced to death for his crimes. This decision was later overturned by the Missouri Supreme Court and the defendant's sentence was converted to life imprisonment. The Missouri Supreme Court stated that although there were cases that illustrated that there was a precedent set that allowed for capital punishment for those persons under the age of eighteen, that a 'national consensus has developed against the execution of juvenile offenders'(2005). This case has since been heard by the United States Supreme Courts. Judicial activism and restraint are concepts that can be readily viewed in the Roper v. Simmons case when it was decided by the Supreme Court in March 2005. The majority opinion addressed both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when considering the affirmation of the Missouri Supreme Court decision. ... Per the court's opinion, neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment disallows the use of the death penalty for either persons that are under the age of eighteen or that are deemed mentally retarded. The Court's majority states that twenty-two of thirty-seven death penalty states permit the death penalty for the offenders that are sixteen years old. The same thirty-seven states permitted the death penalty for those offenders that were seventeen years old. The Court went further to state that such figures are not indicative of a nation that is moving towards a consensus against capital punishment for those offenders that are less than eighteen years of age. Two court cases were consistently referenced in the opinion: Stanford v. Kentucky 492 U.S. 361 (1989) and Atkins v. Virginia 536 U.S. 304(2002). Stanford and Atkins speak to both issues of capital punishment for juvenile offenders and the mentally retarded. These two cases decided that it was not inappropriate to utilize the de ath penalty for those younger than age eighteen or mentally retarded, respectively. Typically, judicial restraint would have allowed the Supreme Court to overturn the Missouri Courts ruling based on precedents and existing laws. However, the majority opinion took its review of the existing laws by interpreting the intention of the laws and how they related to the intention of the Constitutional Amendments. The majority opinion stated that although the death penalty for youths and the mentally retarded were not prohibited, they were rarely used as methods of punishment. In many cases, the Court notes that allowances were made for juveniles that had committed heinous crimes because it was and is recognized that these persons have

Investing Money towards Retirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investing Money towards Retirement - Essay Example In the United States traditionally parents assume the cost of putting their kids through college. Financing the college education of two kids can become a very expensive ordeal. Like most working adults Sam is struggling to get by, but he realizes he has to start saving towards these two goals or he won’t have enough time left to accomplish his goals. Sam’s master plan entails saving $150 a month for the foreseeable future in order to put his two kids through college and to be able to retire at the age of 60. His two kids are age 3 and 8 years old. Assuming his two kids will start college at the age of 18 like most teenagers Sam will have to start spending money on college tuition 10 years from now. Sam’s plan of saving 150 a month implies he will save $1,800 a year. Assuming he leaves the money in the bank and makes 1% rate on his saving Sam will have 10 years from now $18,919.25. This amount of money is not sufficient to put his elder kid through four years of college. Sam needs to make adjustments to his plan. The simplest way to adjust his plan is by making better investment options that will allow Sam to make a higher return on his investment. Depending on the banking industry for long-range savings is not a wise move due to the extremely low-interest-rate that this industry offers. Typically interest earns on a banking account is not sufficient enough to offset inflation. Mr. Johnson has to start an investment plan that is aligned with his long-term financial goals. Investing money is not a rocket science, but it requires a person to get educated on financial tools such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. Common stocks are one of the simplest types of investment options. A common stock is the transfer of a piece of ownership in a company in exchange for cash.  

Identification Discussion Essay Example for Free

Identification Discussion Essay Through his 1946 Politics and the English Language article, author George Orwell discusses some of the challenges facing the English language. For example, the author descries the phenomenon whereby writers in English are increasingly using many and complicated words that effectively blurs their real meanings. In addition, Orwell laments that many writers are using regurgitated words and phrases rather than devise and employ their own fresh phrases. Orwell observes that the existing bad language is deteriorating the thoughts of the populace. In turn, he explains that such usage of bad language corrupts people’s thoughts. Further, the author holds that unclear language is indispensable to politics because it helps in hiding fallacies and atrocious phenomena. Language thus makes unacceptable things to appear tolerable besides concealing the details of certain issues (Orwell, 1946). All in all, Orwell’s pitch is that bad language contributes to poor politics; the complaint is that he is decrying the decadence of the English language, while the moment is that the author requires his audience to demonstrate caution when using the English language. For example, Orwell states that bad language and poor politics are intertwined because unclear expressions are useful political tools. In effect, poor language is employed to glorify war, as well as to cunningly conceal atrocities. The author thus views the English language as having undergone a dangerous transformation of adopting rigid orthodoxy and rejecting innovativeness. Readers are thus cautioned against blindly adhering to such lethargic English language conventions. In conclusion, through the Politics and the English Language treatise, Orwell criticizes the general decadence in the English language that has resulted from orthodoxy and general indolence. He thus observes that such language contributes to bad politics and cautions readers against being ensnared by such lethargic orthodoxy.

Highly effective people Essay Example for Free

Highly effective people Essay In most of the management literature materials and sources that focus on success, emphasis is made on how solutions can be achieved for a given set of problems. In such situations, the solution suggestions for such problems may turn out to be effective for that given period of time, though in the future they may not be relevant to problems which may arise. In most occasions, success of an individual has been attributed to the persons personality as well as skills and techniques amongst other many aspects like positive attitude. In reality success in a person is attributed to the personality as well as the character ethics. Thus, the assessment of the habits displayed by individuals who can be termed as highly effective in the society is considered to be an inside out approach, whereby change in a person has to begin from within then it transforms to the outside. Effective people Individuals characters are said to be a collection of a number of habits, and in that respect habits tend to have a strong impact in various aspects of our lives. In reality habits are made up of knowledge, desire as well as skills. Knowledge is that capability that a person has that enables him or her determine what to do, as for skills it is the ability to determine how to do something, and finally desire is the force from within that drives a person to do something. In considering the seven habits that are displayed in highly effective people, the following three stages can be assessed; dependence a time at which a person relies on others for survival, independence a time in life a person is able to make his or her own personal decisions as well as take charge of his or her life (Covey, 1990). Finally there is a stage of interdependence, whereby an individual will try to coordinate with others to achieve things in life that he or she cannot achieve independently. In most of the research materials on success, independence tends to take a top position but in the actual sense human beings are interdependent persons, and success in life can only be derived from interdependence. It is thus a stage that has to flow from dependence to independence, and finally interdependence (Covey, 1990). The seven habits Effective people are said to be proactive, whereby such persons are said to be aware of themselves, and can be able to make a choice on how they can respond to different forms of stimuli in the environment. Proactive as a habit is a unique element in a person that creates a difference between persons. Even though conditioning can have an influence on a persons life, in the actual sense individuals cannot be determined by conditioning (Covey, 1990). Some of the theories that have been presented to explain the concept of proactivity include genetic and environmental as well as physic determinism. In genetic physic, it is discussed that a persons nature is determined by the nature of DNA, and in that respect a persons personality traits are acquired from his or her grandparents. As for the physic determinism, it is discussed that the way in which a person has been brought up will influence the habits. In addition to that, the painful childhood experiences have an influence on the persons adult life. Finally, environmental determinism demonstrates that the current environmental factors have an influence on a persons behaviors (Covey, 1990). Proactivity in individuals can thus be described as that ability of individuals to carry out their activities while driven by the value proposition, which is said to be independent of the general environmental forces. Effective people in most occasions use the difficult life encounters to establish their character as well as develop their potential to deal with such difficulties in the future if they occur. In that way, such persons are able utilize their resourcefulness and ability to devise possible solutions, other than relying on other people to solve their personal problems. Therefore effective persons are those that are able to make life decisions, which have the potential of improving their personal lives. In such situations, decisions are made on the things that influence their person lives other than just acting to the general environmental forces (Covey, 1990). The second habit that highly effective people will tend to display is that the start with the end in mind. In such situations, such kind of effective people are able to establish their personal principles in terms of a mission statement, and then the mission statement is carried forward to the persons long term goals which will always be founded on the persons principles (Covey, 1990). The habit of first things first is displayed in highly effective people, whereby an individual takes valuable time carrying out activities that go in line with his or her personal mission. Effective people thus manage to make an appropriate balance between the production activities, as well as in establishing the production capacity. In order to create that balance in their lives, effective people will determine the key roles that they carry out in life, and then allocate appropriate time for each of those roles (Covey, 1990). Effective people think win, whereby they seek to do things like agreements as well as relationships in life will be mutually beneficial to their lives. In circumstances where such people are able to establish that win cannot be attained by taking a certain deal, they will accept such a situation and then establish alternative ways in which they can be able to attain success. In cases of effective leaders in an organization, they are able to establish a culture in the organization which will be focused at giving positive rewards to employee who manages to attain positive results, and negative rewards to those that fail to attain the required performance results. In doing so the leaders demonstrates that they value winning situations as compared to the failures (Covey, 1990). Effective persons will always seek to understand other people first before they make the other people surrounding them understand them. This is considered to be crucial aspect in effective people that will be a base for establishing effective interpersonal relations. The ability of a person to listen to others involves the person assuming the place of the other in either his or her feeling as well as meaning. In that way the person will be able to comprehend the actual situation of that person, as it is easy for a person to handle a situation that he or she has an idea of other that situations that carry no influence on the person (Covey, 1990). Effective persons always synergize, whereby they will always establish a kind of trustful communication which will enable the person to devise ways in which they will leverage the differences that exist between him or her and the others in the society. This is done with an intention of establishing a whole which will be of great benefit as compared to additions of the different contributions of the parts. In establishing such kind of mutual trust as well as understanding, a person will be able to solve problem situations, and come up with appropriate solutions for the conflicts which arise in the process of the relationships with others, as compared to when the person would have taken his or her own personal initiative to deal with the situation (Covey, 1990). Finally, effective people are able to sharpen the saw. This implies that such kind of persons are able to take time out from their busy schedules in production so as to build on their production capability in terms of personal renewal of their physical, spiritual and emotional as well as mental dimensions among other human dimensions like the social aspect. In doing so, effective persons will at all times seek to create a balance in the different human dimensions, given that they recognize the importance of coordination of all those dimensions in the success of a persons life. This is because they recognize the fact that effectiveness is achieved from the production practices, which are coupled up with the capacity to produce (Covey, 1990). Conclusion From the above analysis of the seven habits, that highly effective people tend to display, it can be concluded that effectiveness in a person is a reality which can be realized as long as that person is able to control his or her personality, as well as the characters which are influenced by the environment. High effectiveness can only be achieved when the persons personality and characters are based on ethical principles, which will enable that individual to derive value in their lives. For other persons to be able to achieve high levels effectiveness in the day to day operations, this research paper will be more effective as it clearly illustrates what the effective people do an given that the paper has illustrated the habits in a more clear way it is easy for the determined people to use these habits as a criteria that will guide their action. Word count 1440 References Covey, S, (1990). The 7 habits of highly effective people. Free Press publishers.